Joe-One was the American codename for the first Soviet nuclear weapon test, in reference to Joseph Stalin, the Soviet leader. The bomb was tested on August 29, 1949 at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. The yield was 22 kilotons of TNT, similar to the United States' "Gadget" and "Fat Man" bombs. At Lavrenty Beria's insistence, it was similar to the design of the American "Fat Man", which had been dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

It was called First Lightning by the Soviets. Its development was years ahead of American military-intelligence projections and came as quite a shock to the United States. It was later discovered that the Soviets had extensive knowledge of the Manhattan Project from Klaus Fuchs, among others.

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